What You Need to Know About Hepatitis A

Hepatitis A is a highly contagious liver infection caused by the Hepatitis A virus (HAV). It spreads through contaminated food, water, or close contact with an infected person. While the infection usually resolves on its own, it can cause severe illness, liver complications, and prolonged recovery periods, making vaccination essential for travellers and those at risk.

The Hepatitis A Vaccine: When to Get It & Dosage

The Hepatitis A vaccine is highly effective, providing long-term immunity against the virus.

The vaccine is given in two doses:

• First Dose: Provides short-term protection and should be taken at least two weeks before travel.
• Second Dose (Booster): Given 6 to 12 months after the first dose, providing long-term protection for up to 25 years.

For children aged 1 year and above, as well as adults, the same vaccine schedule applies.

Side Effects of the Hepatitis A Vaccine

The Hepatitis A vaccine is generally safe and well-tolerated. Most side effects are mild and short-lived.

• Soreness, redness, or swelling at the injection site
• Mild fever or headache
• Fatigue or muscle aches
• Nausea or mild stomach discomfort

Serious reactions are very rare, but if you experience difficulty breathing, swelling, or severe allergic reactions, seek medical attention immediately.

Common Ways Hepatitis A Spreads:

• Eating contaminated food – Raw, unwashed fruits and vegetables, shellfish, or food prepared with unclean hands.
• Drinking unsafe water – Contaminated tap water, ice, or drinks made with untreated water.
• Close contact with an infected person – Living with or caring for someone with Hepatitis A increases your risk.
• Poor hygiene and sanitation – Inadequate handwashing after using the toilet or before handling food.

Which Countries Are at Risk?

Hepatitis A is more common in regions with poor sanitation and limited access to clean water. Travelers to these areas are at a higher risk of infection:

• Africa (Sub-Saharan and North Africa)
• South and Southeast Asia (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Thailand, Indonesia)
• Central and South America (Mexico, Brazil, Peru)
• The Middle East (Egypt, Iraq, Saudi Arabia)
• Eastern Europe (Some rural areas)
• Parts of the Caribbean (Haiti, Dominican Republic)

If you’re travelling to any of these regions, it’s recommended to get vaccinated at least two weeks before your trip for full protection.